cairo, the sprawling capital of Egypt, is a city where history meets modern life at every corner. From ancient wonders to vibrant markets, Cairo offers an unforgettable journey into the heart of one of the world’s oldest civilizations. For first-time visitors, here’s a guide to five places you absolutely must see.

1. The Great Pyramids of Giza & the Sphinx

No trip to Cairo is complete without visiting the legendary pyramids. Standing for over 4,500 years, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, along with the nearby Sphinx, symbolizes the grandeur of ancient Egypt. Take a camel ride across the Giza Plateau, snap panoramic photos, and marvel at the engineering feats of this world wonder. For a serene experience, visit early in the morning or late afternoon when the crowds are fewer, and the light is perfect for photography.

2. Egyptian Museum (Tahrir Square)

Dive into Egypt’s rich history at the Egyptian Museum, home to over 120,000 artifacts. Highlights include the golden mask of Tutankhamun, intricately preserved mummies, and statues from various dynasties. A guided tour or a museum app is recommended to bring the stories behind the exhibits to life. This museum is an absolute must for history buffs and curious travelers alike.

3. Khan El Khalili Bazaar

Step into the vibrant alleys of Cairo’s oldest market, where the scents of spices mingle with the sounds of merchants calling out their wares. Khan El Khalili is the perfect place to shop for souvenirs, jewelry, or handcrafted items while soaking in the local atmosphere. Don’t forget to sip traditional mint tea at a café tucked within the market’s winding streets, and always carry small bills for easier transactions.

4. Citadel of Saladin & Mosque of Muhammad Ali

Perched on a hill overlooking Cairo, the Citadel of Saladin offers a glimpse into the city’s medieval Islamic heritage. The Mosque of Muhammad Ali, with its striking domes and towering minarets, dominates the skyline and provides a breathtaking backdrop for photography. Visit in the late afternoon to catch the sunset over Cairo — a truly magical experience.

5. Coptic Cairo (Old Cairo)

For a spiritual journey, explore Coptic Cairo, home to some of Egypt’s oldest Christian landmarks. Wander through the Hanging Church, explore the Coptic Museum, and visit the historic Ben Ezra Synagogue. Remember to dress modestly and respect the local customs when entering religious sites. Coptic Cairo offers a peaceful contrast to the city’s bustling streets, transporting visitors back through centuries of history.

Traveler Tips

• Best Time to Visit: October to April for cooler temperatures.

• Transport: Taxis, ride-hailing apps, and guided tours make it easy to navigate.

• Safety: Stay aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded markets, and keep valuables secure.

• Local Etiquette: Dress modestly at religious sites and always ask before taking photos of locals.

Cairo is a city of contrasts — where ancient wonders sit alongside modern life. With these five destinations, first-time visitors can experience a rich mix of history, culture, and adventure that makes Cairo truly unforgettable.